Assessing Generative AI value in a public sector context: evidence from a field experiment
This study addresses the problem of assessing the value of Generative AI in a public sector context, which is significant for policymakers and public sector organizations looking to leverage AI for productivity gains.
The study investigated the impact of Generative AI on complex knowledge-based tasks in a public sector setting, finding a 17% improvement in answer quality scores and 34% improvement in task completion time for document understanding tasks, but a 12% reduction in quality scores for data analysis tasks. The results suggest that the benefits of Gen AI may be task-dependent.
The emergence of Generative AI (Gen AI) has motivated an interest in understanding how it could be used to enhance productivity across various tasks. We add to research results for the performance impact of Gen AI on complex knowledge-based tasks in a public sector setting. In a pre-registered experiment, after establishing a baseline level of performance, we find mixed evidence for two types of composite tasks related to document understanding and data analysis. For the Documents task, the treatment group using Gen AI had a 17% improvement in answer quality scores (as judged by human evaluators) and a 34% improvement in task completion time compared to a control group. For the Data task, we find the Gen AI treatment group experienced a 12% reduction in quality scores and no significant difference in mean completion time compared to the control group. These results suggest that the benefits of Gen AI may be task and potentially respondent dependent. We also discuss field notes and lessons learned, as well as supplementary insights from a post-trial survey and feedback workshop with participants.