Towards Ultimate NMR Resolution with Deep Learning
This addresses the challenge of distinguishing overlapping peaks and noise in NMR spectroscopy for researchers in structural biology and chemistry, representing a novel method rather than an incremental improvement.
The paper tackles the problem of achieving ultimate resolution in multidimensional NMR spectroscopy by introducing Peak Probability Presentations (P^3) and MR-Ai, a deep learning architecture, which enables coprocessing of multiple spectra to enhance spectral quality, particularly with sparse sampling, as demonstrated on synthetic data and protein spectra like Tau and Calmodulin.
In multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, practical resolution is defined as the ability to distinguish and accurately determine signal positions against a background of overlapping peaks, thermal noise, and spectral artifacts. In the pursuit of ultimate resolution, we introduce Peak Probability Presentations ($P^3$)- a statistical spectral representation that assigns a probability to each spectral point, indicating the likelihood of a peak maximum occurring at that location. The mapping between the spectrum and $P^3$ is achieved using MR-Ai, a physics-inspired deep learning neural network architecture, designed to handle multidimensional NMR spectra. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MR-Ai enables coprocessing of multiple spectra, facilitating direct information exchange between datasets. This feature significantly enhances spectral quality, particularly in cases of highly sparse sampling. Performance of MR-Ai and high value of the $P^3$ are demonstrated on the synthetic data and spectra of Tau, MATL1, Calmodulin, and several other proteins.