Diffusion-model approach to flavor models: A case study for $S_4^\prime$ modular flavor model
This work addresses the problem of efficiently exploring parameter spaces in flavor models for particle physicists, and it is an incremental approach building on existing generative AI techniques.
The authors tackled the problem of searching for parameters in flavor models by utilizing diffusion models, and as a result, they were able to find various phenomenologically interesting parameter regions in the $S_4^prime$ modular flavor model. The diffusion model enabled the discovery of spontaneous CP violation in the $S_4^prime$ model.
We propose a numerical method of searching for parameters with experimental constraints in generic flavor models by utilizing diffusion models, which are classified as a type of generative artificial intelligence (generative AI). As a specific example, we consider the $S_4^\prime$ modular flavor model and construct a neural network that reproduces quark masses, the CKM matrix, and the Jarlskog invariant by treating free parameters in the flavor model as generating targets. By generating new parameters with the trained network, we find various phenomenologically interesting parameter regions where an analytical evaluation of the $S_4^\prime$ model is challenging. Additionally, we confirm that the spontaneous CP violation occurs in the $S_4^\prime$ model. The diffusion model enables an inverse problem approach, allowing the machine to provide a series of plausible model parameters from given experimental data. Moreover, it can serve as a versatile analytical tool for extracting new physical predictions from flavor models.