ChatGPT as Linguistic Equalizer? Quantifying LLM-Driven Lexical Shifts in Academic Writing
This provides causal evidence that ChatGPT reduces linguistic disparities and promotes equity in global academia for non-native English speakers.
This study investigated whether ChatGPT reduces linguistic barriers for non-native English speakers in academic writing by analyzing lexical complexity shifts across 2.8 million articles from 2020-2024. The results show ChatGPT significantly enhances lexical complexity in NNES-authored abstracts, particularly in preprint papers, technology/biology fields, and lower-tier journals.
The advent of ChatGPT has profoundly reshaped scientific research practices, particularly in academic writing, where non-native English-speakers (NNES) historically face linguistic barriers. This study investigates whether ChatGPT mitigates these barriers and fosters equity by analyzing lexical complexity shifts across 2.8 million articles from OpenAlex (2020-2024). Using the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD) to quantify vocabulary sophistication and a difference-in-differences (DID) design to identify causal effects, we demonstrate that ChatGPT significantly enhances lexical complexity in NNES-authored abstracts, even after controlling for article-level controls, authorship patterns, and venue norms. Notably, the impact is most pronounced in preprint papers, technology- and biology-related fields and lower-tier journals. These findings provide causal evidence that ChatGPT reduces linguistic disparities and promotes equity in global academia.