Translating the Grievance Dictionary: a psychometric evaluation of Dutch, German, and Italian versions
This work addresses the need for psycholinguistic tools in multiple languages for researchers and practitioners analyzing threatening texts, but it is incremental as it extends an existing dictionary through translation.
The authors tackled the problem of analyzing violent or grievance-fuelled texts in non-English languages by translating the Grievance Dictionary into Dutch, German, and Italian, finding that the Dutch and German versions performed similarly to the original English version, while the Italian version showed low reliability for some categories.
This paper introduces and evaluates three translations of the Grievance Dictionary, a psycholinguistic dictionary for the analysis of violent, threatening or grievance-fuelled texts. Considering the relevance of these themes in languages beyond English, we translated the Grievance Dictionary to Dutch, German, and Italian. We describe the process of automated translation supplemented by human annotation. Psychometric analyses are performed, including internal reliability of dictionary categories and correlations with the LIWC dictionary. The Dutch and German translations perform similarly to the original English version, whereas the Italian dictionary shows low reliability for some categories. Finally, we make suggestions for further validation and application of the dictionary, as well as for future dictionary translations following a similar approach.