Security of Internet of Agents: Attacks and Countermeasures
It addresses security challenges for scalable coordination of AI agents in virtual and physical domains, but is incremental as a survey.
This survey examines security and privacy issues in the Internet of Agents (IoA), focusing on vulnerabilities like identity authentication threats and privacy risks, and reviews defense mechanisms and open research directions.
With the rise of large language and vision-language models, AI agents have evolved into autonomous, interactive systems capable of perception, reasoning, and decision-making. As they proliferate across virtual and physical domains, the Internet of Agents (IoA) has emerged as a key infrastructure for enabling scalable and secure coordination among heterogeneous agents. This survey offers a comprehensive examination of the security and privacy landscape in IoA systems. We begin by outlining the IoA architecture and its distinct vulnerabilities compared to traditional networks, focusing on four critical aspects: identity authentication threats, cross-agent trust issues, embodied security, and privacy risks. We then review existing and emerging defense mechanisms and highlight persistent challenges. Finally, we identify open research directions to advance the development of resilient and privacy-preserving IoA ecosystems.