Quantum Hardware-in-the-Loop for Optimal Power Flow in Renewable-Integrated Power Systems
This study provides a practical framework for validating quantum algorithms in real-time operational environments for modern power systems, which is an incremental step towards addressing the challenges of renewable energy integration.
This paper proposes a quantum hardware-in-the-loop framework that integrates a real-time digital simulator with quantum and quantum-inspired hardware to solve combinatorial and optimal power flow problems under dynamic operating conditions. The framework was validated on the IEEE 9-bus test system, including a modified version with solar and wind farms, demonstrating successful integration and convergence within a predefined tolerance.
Quantum computing has emerged as a promising computational paradigm to address unresolved challenges in the modeling and control of modern power systems. However, most existing studies focus on offline simulations, and a practical framework for validating quantum algorithms in real-time operational environments remains lacking. This study proposes a quantum hardware-in-the-loop framework that integrates a real-time digital simulator with quantum and quantum-inspired hardware to solve combinatorial power flow and optimal power flow formulations under dynamic operating conditions. The proposed framework is validated using the IEEE 9-bus test system and a modified version with integrated solar and wind farms. The results confirm successful integration and convergence within a predefined tolerance. The study also identifies key limitations and challenges, such as limited access to quantum and digital annealers and current scalability limitations, that must be considered in future developments. Nevertheless, the results highlight the potential of quantum computing to significantly enhance the modeling and control of future power systems with high penetration of renewable energy sources.