Self-supervised Latent Space Optimization with Nebula Variational Coding
This work addresses the challenge of enhancing latent space organization for various machine learning tasks, though it appears incremental as it builds on existing variational methods with a novel clustering mechanism.
The paper tackles the problem of optimizing latent manifolds in deep learning to improve performance on tasks like classification and segmentation by introducing Nebula Variational Coding (NVC), a variational inference model that uses nebula anchors to guide latent variables into clusters, with experimental validation across multiple data types.
Deep learning approaches process data in a layer-by-layer way with intermediate (or latent) features. We aim at designing a general solution to optimize the latent manifolds to improve the performance on classification, segmentation, completion and/or reconstruction through probabilistic models. This paper proposes a variational inference model which leads to a clustered embedding. We introduce additional variables in the latent space, called \textbf{nebula anchors}, that guide the latent variables to form clusters during training. To prevent the anchors from clustering among themselves, we employ the variational constraint that enforces the latent features within an anchor to form a Gaussian distribution, resulting in a generative model we refer as Nebula Variational Coding (NVC). Since each latent feature can be labeled with the closest anchor, we also propose to apply metric learning in a self-supervised way to make the separation between clusters more explicit. As a consequence, the latent variables of our variational coder form clusters which adapt to the generated semantic of the training data, \textit{e.g.} the categorical labels of each sample. We demonstrate experimentally that it can be used within different architectures designed to solve different problems including text sequence, images, 3D point clouds and volumetric data, validating the advantage of our proposed method.