UrbanSense:A Framework for Quantitative Analysis of Urban Streetscapes leveraging Vision Large Language Models
This provides a scalable, data-driven method for urban planners and researchers to quantify architectural style evolution, though it is incremental as it applies existing vision-language models to a new domain.
The researchers tackled the problem of analyzing urban streetscape style differences across cities and time periods by developing UrbanSense, a vision-language-model-based framework that achieved over 80% statistical significance in generated descriptions and high Phi scores (0.912 for cities, 0.833 for periods) in subjective evaluations.
Urban cultures and architectural styles vary significantly across cities due to geographical, chronological, historical, and socio-political factors. Understanding these differences is essential for anticipating how cities may evolve in the future. As representative cases of historical continuity and modern innovation in China, Beijing and Shenzhen offer valuable perspectives for exploring the transformation of urban streetscapes. However, conventional approaches to urban cultural studies often rely on expert interpretation and historical documentation, which are difficult to standardize across different contexts. To address this, we propose a multimodal research framework based on vision-language models, enabling automated and scalable analysis of urban streetscape style differences. This approach enhances the objectivity and data-driven nature of urban form research. The contributions of this study are as follows: First, we construct UrbanDiffBench, a curated dataset of urban streetscapes containing architectural images from different periods and regions. Second, we develop UrbanSense, the first vision-language-model-based framework for urban streetscape analysis, enabling the quantitative generation and comparison of urban style representations. Third, experimental results show that Over 80% of generated descriptions pass the t-test (p less than 0.05). High Phi scores (0.912 for cities, 0.833 for periods) from subjective evaluations confirm the method's ability to capture subtle stylistic differences. These results highlight the method's potential to quantify and interpret urban style evolution, offering a scientifically grounded lens for future design.