Generalizability of Media Frames: Corpus creation and analysis across countries
This work addresses the cross-cultural applicability of media frame analysis for researchers in computational social science and political communication, though it is incremental as it extends an existing framework to a new context.
The study investigated whether the Media Frame Corpus (MFC) framework, originally developed for U.S. news, generalizes to Brazilian Portuguese news by creating and annotating the FrameNews-PT dataset, finding that 15 MFC frames remained broadly applicable with minor revisions but some were rarely used and novel issues relied on general 'fall-back' frames.
Frames capture aspects of an issue that are emphasized in a debate by interlocutors and can help us understand how political language conveys different perspectives and ultimately shapes people's opinions. The Media Frame Corpus (MFC) is the most commonly used framework with categories and detailed guidelines for operationalizing frames. It is, however, focused on a few salient U.S. news issues, making it unclear how well these frames can capture news issues in other cultural contexts. To explore this, we introduce FrameNews-PT, a dataset of Brazilian Portuguese news articles covering political and economic news and annotate it within the MFC framework. Through several annotation rounds, we evaluate the extent to which MFC frames generalize to the Brazilian debate issues. We further evaluate how fine-tuned and zero-shot models perform on out-of-domain data. Results show that the 15 MFC frames remain broadly applicable with minor revisions of the guidelines. However, some MFC frames are rarely used, and novel news issues are analyzed using general 'fall-back' frames. We conclude that cross-cultural frame use requires careful consideration.