Transformer-based Spatial Grounding: A Comprehensive Survey
It addresses the lack of comprehensive synthesis in spatial grounding for researchers and practitioners, but is incremental as a survey paper.
This paper presents a systematic literature review of transformer-based spatial grounding approaches from 2018 to 2025, analyzing model architectures, datasets, and evaluation metrics to provide structured guidance for researchers and practitioners.
Spatial grounding, the process of associating natural language expressions with corresponding image regions, has rapidly advanced due to the introduction of transformer-based models, significantly enhancing multimodal representation and cross-modal alignment. Despite this progress, the field lacks a comprehensive synthesis of current methodologies, dataset usage, evaluation metrics, and industrial applicability. This paper presents a systematic literature review of transformer-based spatial grounding approaches from 2018 to 2025. Our analysis identifies dominant model architectures, prevalent datasets, and widely adopted evaluation metrics, alongside highlighting key methodological trends and best practices. This study provides essential insights and structured guidance for researchers and practitioners, facilitating the development of robust, reliable, and industry-ready transformer-based spatial grounding models.