CLAug 21, 2025

Identifying and Answering Questions with False Assumptions: An Interpretable Approach

arXiv:2508.15139v21 citationsh-index: 2EMNLP
Originality Incremental advance
AI Analysis

This addresses a specific issue in natural language processing for improving LLM reliability, but it is incremental as it builds on existing methods like fact verification and evidence retrieval.

The paper tackles the problem of questions with false assumptions, which lack regular answers and cause LLMs to produce misleading responses due to hallucinations, by proposing an approach that uses external evidence and validates atomic assumptions, resulting in improved performance and interpretable answers.

People often ask questions with false assumptions, a type of question that does not have regular answers. Answering such questions requires first identifying the false assumptions. Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate misleading answers to these questions because of hallucinations. In this paper, we focus on identifying and answering questions with false assumptions in several domains. We first investigate whether the problem reduces to fact verification. Then, we present an approach leveraging external evidence to mitigate hallucinations. Experiments with five LLMs demonstrate that (1) incorporating retrieved evidence is beneficial and (2) generating and validating atomic assumptions yields more improvements and provides an interpretable answer by pinpointing the false assumptions.

Foundations

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