CVSep 21, 2025

Stencil: Subject-Driven Generation with Context Guidance

arXiv:2509.17120v12 citationsh-index: 9ICIP
Originality Highly original
AI Analysis

This addresses the trade-off between quality and efficiency in subject-driven image generation for users of diffusion models, representing a strong specific gain rather than a foundational advancement.

The paper tackles the problem of maintaining subject consistency in text-to-image diffusion models without compromising quality or efficiency, achieving state-of-the-art performance by generating high-fidelity novel renditions in under a minute.

Recent text-to-image diffusion models can generate striking visuals from text prompts, but they often fail to maintain subject consistency across generations and contexts. One major limitation of current fine-tuning approaches is the inherent trade-off between quality and efficiency. Fine-tuning large models improves fidelity but is computationally expensive, while fine-tuning lightweight models improves efficiency but compromises image fidelity. Moreover, fine-tuning pre-trained models on a small set of images of the subject can damage the existing priors, resulting in suboptimal results. To this end, we present Stencil, a novel framework that jointly employs two diffusion models during inference. Stencil efficiently fine-tunes a lightweight model on images of the subject, while a large frozen pre-trained model provides contextual guidance during inference, injecting rich priors to enhance generation with minimal overhead. Stencil excels at generating high-fidelity, novel renditions of the subject in less than a minute, delivering state-of-the-art performance and setting a new benchmark in subject-driven generation.

Foundations

The foundational work for this paper's niche, ranked by how specifically the neighbourhood builds on it — not by global fame.

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