AISESep 28, 2025

AgentGuard: Runtime Verification of AI Agents

arXiv:2509.23864v113 citationsh-index: 32025 40th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering Workshops (ASEW)
Originality Highly original
AI Analysis

This addresses safety and reliability issues for users of autonomous AI systems, offering a novel approach to verification.

The paper tackles the problem of verifying autonomous AI agents by introducing AgentGuard, a runtime verification framework that provides continuous, quantitative assurance through Dynamic Probabilistic Assurance, resulting in probabilistic guarantees for agent behavior.

The rapid evolution to autonomous, agentic AI systems introduces significant risks due to their inherent unpredictability and emergent behaviors; this also renders traditional verification methods inadequate and necessitates a shift towards probabilistic guarantees where the question is no longer if a system will fail, but the probability of its failure within given constraints. This paper presents AgentGuard, a framework for runtime verification of Agentic AI systems that provides continuous, quantitative assurance through a new paradigm called Dynamic Probabilistic Assurance. AgentGuard operates as an inspection layer that observes an agent's raw I/O and abstracts it into formal events corresponding to transitions in a state model. It then uses online learning to dynamically build and update a Markov Decision Process (MDP) that formally models the agent's emergent behavior. Using probabilistic model checking, the framework then verifies quantitative properties in real-time.

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