CVAILGDec 9, 2025

Mitigating Individual Skin Tone Bias in Skin Lesion Classification through Distribution-Aware Reweighting

arXiv:2512.08733v1h-index: 7
Originality Highly original
AI Analysis

This addresses fairness issues for individuals with underrepresented skin tones in dermatological AI systems, representing a novel methodological advance beyond group-based approaches.

The study tackled individual skin tone bias in skin lesion classification by treating skin tone as a continuous attribute and using distribution-based reweighting, achieving superior performance with metrics like Fidelity Similarity and Wasserstein Distance compared to categorical approaches.

Skin color has historically been a focal point of discrimination, yet fairness research in machine learning for medical imaging often relies on coarse subgroup categories, overlooking individual-level variations. Such group-based approaches risk obscuring biases faced by outliers within subgroups. This study introduces a distribution-based framework for evaluating and mitigating individual fairness in skin lesion classification. We treat skin tone as a continuous attribute rather than a categorical label, and employ kernel density estimation (KDE) to model its distribution. We further compare twelve statistical distance metrics to quantify disparities between skin tone distributions and propose a distance-based reweighting (DRW) loss function to correct underrepresentation in minority tones. Experiments across CNN and Transformer models demonstrate: (i) the limitations of categorical reweighting in capturing individual-level disparities, and (ii) the superior performance of distribution-based reweighting, particularly with Fidelity Similarity (FS), Wasserstein Distance (WD), Hellinger Metric (HM), and Harmonic Mean Similarity (HS). These findings establish a robust methodology for advancing fairness at individual level in dermatological AI systems, and highlight broader implications for sensitive continuous attributes in medical image analysis.

Foundations

The foundational work for this paper's niche, ranked by how specifically the neighbourhood builds on it — not by global fame.

Your Notes