Haptic Light-Emitting Diodes: Miniature, Luminous Tactile Actuators
This addresses the need for compact, luminous tactile actuators in human-machine interfaces, wearable computing, and tactile displays, representing a novel integration of photomechanical actuation.
The researchers tackled the problem of creating miniature tactile actuators by developing Haptic Light-Emitting Diodes (HLEDs), which convert pulsed light into mechanical forces and displacements, achieving forces exceeding 0.4 N and displacements of 0.9 mm with 5 to 100 ms response times at low voltages.
We present Haptic Light-Emitting Diodes (HLEDs), luminous thermopneumatic actuators that directly convert pulsed light into mechanical forces and displacements. Each device packages a miniature surface-mount LED in a gas-filled cavity that contains a low-inertia graphite photoabsorber. The cavity is sealed by an elastic membrane, which functions as a working diaphragm. Brief optical pulses heat the photoabsorber, which heats the gas. The resulting rapid pressure increases generate forces and displacements at the working diaphragm. Millimeter-scale HLEDs produce forces exceeding 0.4 N and displacements of 0.9 mm at low voltages, with 5 to 100 ms response times, making them attractive as actuators providing tactile feedback in human-machine interfaces. Unusually, these actuators are also light-emitting, as a fraction of optical energy is transmitted through the membrane. These photomechanical actuators have many potential applications in tactile displays, human interface engineering, wearable computing, and other areas.