PaperBanana: Automating Academic Illustration for AI Scientists
This addresses a workflow bottleneck for AI scientists by automating academic illustration generation, though it appears incremental as it builds on existing VLMs and image models.
The paper tackles the problem of labor-intensive illustration generation in AI research by introducing PaperBanana, an agentic framework that automates the creation of publication-ready illustrations, and it outperforms baselines on a benchmark of 292 test cases across multiple metrics.
Despite rapid advances in autonomous AI scientists powered by language models, generating publication-ready illustrations remains a labor-intensive bottleneck in the research workflow. To lift this burden, we introduce PaperBanana, an agentic framework for automated generation of publication-ready academic illustrations. Powered by state-of-the-art VLMs and image generation models, PaperBanana orchestrates specialized agents to retrieve references, plan content and style, render images, and iteratively refine via self-critique. To rigorously evaluate our framework, we introduce PaperBananaBench, comprising 292 test cases for methodology diagrams curated from NeurIPS 2025 publications, covering diverse research domains and illustration styles. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that PaperBanana consistently outperforms leading baselines in faithfulness, conciseness, readability, and aesthetics. We further show that our method effectively extends to the generation of high-quality statistical plots. Collectively, PaperBanana paves the way for the automated generation of publication-ready illustrations.