SAKED: Mitigating Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models via Stability-Aware Knowledge Enhanced Decoding
This addresses security and reliability risks in real-world applications of LVLMs, representing a novel method for a known bottleneck.
The paper tackled the problem of hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models by proposing SAKED, a training-free method that uses a layer-wise Knowledge Stability Score to suppress noise and leverage reliable internal knowledge, achieving state-of-the-art performance on various benchmarks.
Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) pose significant security and reliability risks in real-world applications. Inspired by the observation that humans are more error-prone when uncertain or hesitant, we investigate how instability in a model 's internal knowledge contributes to LVLM hallucinations. We conduct extensive empirical analyses from three perspectives, namely attention heads, model layers, and decoding tokens, and identify three key hallucination patterns: (i) visual activation drift across attention heads, (ii) pronounced knowledge fluctuations across layers, and (iii) visual focus distraction between neighboring output tokens. Building on these findings, we propose Stability-Aware Knowledge-Enhanced Decoding (SAKED), which introduces a layer-wise Knowledge Stability Score (KSS) to quantify knowledge stability throughout the model. By contrasting the most stability-aware and stability-agnostic layers, SAKED suppresses decoding noise and dynamically leverages the most reliable internal knowledge for faithful token generation. Moreover, SAKED is training-free and can be seamlessly integrated into different architectures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that SAKED achieves state-of-the-art performance for hallucination mitigation on various models, tasks, and benchmarks.