Simpler Presentations for Many Fragments of Quantum Circuits
This work offers a clean, minimal algebraic foundation for quantum circuit optimisation and verification, benefiting researchers in quantum computing by reducing redundancy in rewrite rules.
The authors provide minimal equational presentations for six near-Clifford fragments of quantum circuits, achieving minimality in all arities for qubit Clifford, real Clifford, and CNOT-dihedral, and minimality in bounded ranges for the others.
Equational reasoning is central to quantum circuit optimisation and verification: one replaces subcircuits by provably equivalent ones using a fixed set of rewrite rules viewed as equations. A finite rule set is most informative when it separates the genuine algebra of a circuit fragment from the structural treatment of wires. This paper gives six near-Clifford fragments a common PROP treatment, where wire permutations are structural: qubit Clifford, real Clifford, Clifford+T (up to two qubits), Clifford+CS (up to three qubits), CNOT-dihedral, and qutrit Clifford. Starting from prior completeness theorems, we transfer completeness into this setting and remove redundant non-structural rules, then check minimality by separating interpretations tailored to individual axioms; the resulting presentations are minimal in all arities for qubit Clifford, real Clifford, and CNOT-dihedral, minimal in bounded ranges for the remaining fragments, and comparable by one transfer-and-separation pattern.