SAILS: Segment Anything with Incrementally Learned Semantics for Task-Invariant and Training-Free Continual Learning
This addresses the challenge of computational efficiency and forgetting in continual learning for real-world applications, representing an incremental improvement by combining existing models in a novel way.
The paper tackles the problem of continual learning's high computational costs and forgetting by introducing SAILS, a training-free framework for class-incremental semantic segmentation that leverages foundational models to avoid retraining, achieving performance that surpasses existing training-based approaches on standard datasets.
Continual learning remains constrained by the need for repeated retraining, high computational costs, and the persistent challenge of forgetting. These factors significantly limit the applicability of continuous learning in real-world settings, as iterative model updates require significant computational resources and inherently exacerbate forgetting. We present SAILS -- Segment Anything with Incrementally Learned Semantics, a training-free framework for Class-Incremental Semantic Segmentation (CISS) that sidesteps these challenges entirely. SAILS leverages foundational models to decouple CISS into two stages: Zero-shot region extraction using Segment Anything Model (SAM), followed by semantic association through prototypes in a fixed feature space. SAILS incorporates selective intra-class clustering, resulting in multiple prototypes per class to better model intra-class variability. Our results demonstrate that, despite requiring no incremental training, SAILS typically surpasses the performance of existing training-based approaches on standard CISS datasets, particularly in long and challenging task sequences where forgetting tends to be most severe. By avoiding parameter updates, SAILS completely eliminates forgetting and maintains consistent, task-invariant performance. Furthermore, SAILS exhibits positive backward transfer, where the introduction of new classes can enhance performance on previous classes.