How communicatively optimal are exact numeral systems? Once more on lexicon size and morphosyntactic complexity
This addresses a theoretical issue in linguistic evolution for researchers, but it is incremental as it refines prior analyses without introducing a new paradigm.
The study tackled the problem of whether exact numeral systems optimize communicative efficiency by analyzing data from 52 languages, showing that many languages are less efficient than expected based on lexicon size and morphosyntactic complexity.
Recent research argues that exact recursive numeral systems optimize communicative efficiency by balancing a tradeoff between the size of the numeral lexicon and the average morphosyntactic complexity (roughly length in morphemes) of numeral terms. We argue that previous studies have not characterized the data in a fashion that accounts for the degree of complexity languages display. Using data from 52 genetically diverse languages and an annotation scheme distinguishing between predictable and unpredictable allomorphy (formal variation), we show that many of the world's languages are decisively less efficient than one would expect. We discuss the implications of our findings for the study of numeral systems and linguistic evolution more generally.