MedCollab: Causal-Driven Multi-Agent Collaboration for Full-Cycle Clinical Diagnosis via IBIS-Structured Argumentation
This addresses the challenge of reliable and interpretable AI-driven clinical diagnosis for healthcare professionals, though it is incremental as it builds on existing multi-agent and structured reasoning methods.
The paper tackles the problem of diagnostic hallucinations and insufficient interpretability in LLMs for clinical practice by introducing MedCollab, a multi-agent framework that emulates hospital workflows, resulting in significant outperformance over pure LLMs and existing multi-agent systems in accuracy and RaTEScore on real-world datasets.
Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in healthcare applications, however, their use in clinical practice is still limited by diagnostic hallucinations and insufficiently interpretable reasoning. We present MedCollab, a novel multi-agent framework that emulates the hierarchical consultation workflow of modern hospitals to autonomously navigate the full-cycle diagnostic process. The framework incorporates a dynamic specialist recruitment mechanism that adaptively assembles clinical and examination agents according to patient-specific symptoms and examination results. To ensure the rigor of clinical work, we adopt a structured Issue-Based Information System (IBIS) argumentation protocol that requires agents to provide ``Positions'' backed by traceable evidence from medical knowledge and clinical data. Furthermore, the framework constructs a Hierarchical Disease Causal Chain that transforms flattened diagnostic predictions into a structured model of pathological progression through explicit logical operators. A multi-round Consensus Mechanism iteratively filters low-quality reasoning through logic auditing and weighted voting. Evaluated on real-world clinical datasets, MedCollab significantly outperforms pure LLMs and medical multi-agent systems in Accuracy and RaTEScore, demonstrating a marked reduction in medical hallucinations. These findings indicate that MedCollab provides an extensible, transparent, and clinically compliant approach to medical decision-making.