S5-SHB Agent: Society 5.0 enabled Multi-model Agentic Blockchain Framework for Smart Home
This framework addresses the need for transparent, accountable, and resident-controlled smart home governance for residents, improving upon existing rigid smart contract systems.
The paper introduces S5-SHB-Agent, a multi-model agentic blockchain framework for smart homes, designed to manage comfort, security, energy, and safety. It orchestrates ten specialized agents using interchangeable large language models and features an adaptive Proof-of-Work blockchain. The system allows residents to control automation through a four-tier governance model, successfully separating adjustable comfort priorities from immutable safety thresholds and committing emergency blocks.
The smart home is a key application domain within the Society 5.0 vision for a human-centered society. As smart home ecosystems expand with heterogeneous IoT protocols, diverse devices, and evolving threats, autonomous systems must manage comfort, security, energy, and safety for residents. Such autonomous decision-making requires a trust anchor, making blockchain a preferred foundation for transparent and accountable smart home governance. However, realizing this vision requires blockchain-governed smart homes to simultaneously address adaptive consensus, intelligent multi-agent coordination, and resident-controlled governance aligned with the principles of Society 5.0. Existing frameworks rely solely on rigid smart contracts with fixed consensus protocols, employ at most a single AI model without multi-agent coordination, and offer no governance mechanism for residents to control automation behaviour. To address these limitations, this paper presents the Society 5.0-driven human-centered governance-enabled smart home blockchain agent (S5-SHB-Agent). The framework orchestrates ten specialized agents using interchangeable large language models to make decisions across the safety, security, comfort, energy, privacy, and health domains. An adaptive PoW blockchain adjusts mining difficulty based on transaction volume and emergency conditions, with digital signatures and Merkle tree anchoring to ensure tamper evident auditability. A four-tier governance model enables residents to control automation through tiered preferences from routine adjustments to immutable safety thresholds. Evaluation confirms that resident governance correctly separates adjustable comfort priorities from immutable safety thresholds across all tested configurations, while adaptive consensus commits emergency blocks.