Evolution of Photonic Quantum Machine Learning under Noise
It addresses noise challenges for researchers in photonic quantum machine learning, but is incremental as it reviews existing knowledge without presenting new results.
This review systematically analyzes noise sources in photonic quantum machine learning systems, categorizing major noise mechanisms and their impact on learning performance, training stability, and convergence behavior, while surveying mitigation strategies and recent experimental advances.
Photonic Quantum Machine Learning (PQML) is an emerging approach that integrates photonic quantum computing technologies with machine learning techniques to enable scalable and energy-efficient quantum information processing. Photonic systems offer advantages such as room-temperature operation, high-speed signal processing, and the ability to represent information in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces. However, noise remains a major challenge affecting the performance, reliability, and scalability of PQML implementations. This review provides a systematic analysis of noise sources in photonic quantum machine learning systems. We discuss photonic quantum computing architectures and examine key quantum machine learning algorithms implemented on photonic platforms, including Variational Quantum Circuits, Quantum Neural Networks, and Quantum Support Vector Machines. The paper categorizes major noise mechanisms and analyzes their impact on learning performance, training stability, and convergence behavior. Furthermore, we review both traditional and advanced noise characterization techniques and survey recent strategies for noise mitigation in photonic quantum systems. Finally, we highlight recent experimental advances and discuss future research directions for developing robust and scalable PQML systems under realistic noise conditions.