The potential and viability of V2G for California BEV drivers
This work addresses the problem of assessing V2G viability for California BEV drivers and stakeholders, providing incremental insights based on real-world data.
The study tackled uncertainties about Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) adoption by analyzing real-world BEV usage data in California, finding that V2G feasibility varies by driver profile and battery sensitivity, with capacity loss increasing for low-sensitivity batteries but negligible or improved retention for high-sensitivity ones.
Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) adoption is hindered by uncertainties regarding its effects on battery lifetime and vehicle usability. These uncertainties are compounded by limited insight into real-world vehicle usage. Here, we leverage real-world Californian BEV usage data to design and evaluate a user-centric V2G strategy. We identified four clustered driver profiles for V2G assessment, ranging from "Daily Chargers" to "Public Chargers". We show that V2G participation is most feasible for "Daily Chargers," and that the effects on battery lifetime depend on calendar aging sensitivity. For batteries with low sensitivity, V2G participation increases capacity loss for all drivers. However, for batteries with high sensitivity, V2G participation can lead to negligible changes in capacity or even improved capacity retention, particularly for drivers who tend to keep their batteries at high states of charge. Our findings enable stakeholders to better assess the potential and viability of V2G adoption.