Nonlinear Model Order Reduction for Coupled Aeroelastic-Flight Dynamic Systems
This work addresses the computational burden in simulating high-fidelity coupled fluid-structure systems for aerospace engineering, offering a systematic and efficient reduction method.
The paper presents a nonlinear model order reduction technique for coupled aeroelastic-flight dynamic systems, achieving computational speedups of up to 600 times while accurately capturing nonlinear dynamics, such as large wing deformations exceeding 10% of wingspan, across test cases with state reductions from thousands to single digits.
A systematic approach to nonlinear model order reduction (NMOR) of coupled fluid-structureflight dynamics systems of arbitrary fidelity is presented. The technique employs a Taylor series expansion of the nonlinear residual around equilibrium states, retaining up to third-order terms, and projects the high-dimensional system onto a small basis of eigenvectors of the coupled-system Jacobian matrix. The biorthonormality of right and left eigenvectors ensures optimal projection, while higher-order operators are computed via matrix-free finite difference approximations. The methodology is validated on three test cases of increasing complexity: a three-degree-of-freedom aerofoil with nonlinear stiffness (14 states reduced to 4), a HALE aircraft configuration (2,016 states reduced to 9), and a very flexible flying-wing (1,616 states reduced to 9). The reduced-order models achieve computational speedups of up to 600 times while accurately capturing the nonlinear dynamics, including large wing deformations exceeding 10% of the wingspan. The second-order Taylor expansion is shown to be sufficient for describing cubic structural nonlinearities, eliminating the need for third-order terms. The framework is independent of the full-order model formulation and applicable to higher-fidelity aerodynamic model