Holistic Energy Performance Management: Enablers, Capabilities, and Features
This addresses energy management for mobile network operators, but it is incremental as it builds on existing 5G features with coordination.
The paper tackles the suboptimal energy savings from isolated activation of 5G NR energy-saving features by proposing a feature orchestrator to coordinate them, showing that coordination reduces gNB energy consumption significantly with negligible throughput loss in simulations.
Energy consumption is a significant concern for mobile network operators, and to enable further network energy improvements it is also an important target when developing the emerging 6G standard. In this paper we show that, despite the existence of many energy-saving features in 5G new radio (NR) networks, activating them in isolation yields only suboptimal savings and often compromises other network key performance indicators (KPIs) such as coverage or latency. We first introduce a compact taxonomy that distinguishes hardware capabilities from higher-layer features. Features fall into two classes: (i) signaling and scheduling mechanisms that create idle windows, and (ii) features that utilize those windows to save energy. We then present a feature orchestrator as a logical node to coordinate between features to maximize the gain. Using a 3GPP-aligned simulator with product-realistic parameters, we show that coordinating lean NR, scheduling, and advanced sleep modes significantly reduces gNodeB (gNB) energy consumption with negligible throughput loss, compared to the uncoordinated scenario. We conclude by outlining open issues in observability, system dynamics, coordination, and intelligent automation for energy performance management.