EvoIdeator: Evolving Scientific Ideas through Checklist-Grounded Reinforcement Learning
This work addresses the problem of autonomous knowledge discovery for researchers, offering a scalable and rigorous method for self-refining ideation, though it is incremental in advancing existing RL paradigms.
The paper tackles the challenge of evolving scientific ideas into high-quality research proposals using Large Language Models by proposing EvoIdeator, a framework that integrates checklist-grounded feedback into reinforcement learning, resulting in significant performance improvements over larger models across key scientific metrics.
Scientific idea generation is a cornerstone of autonomous knowledge discovery, yet the iterative evolution required to transform initial concepts into high-quality research proposals remains a formidable challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing Reinforcement Learning (RL) paradigms often rely on rubric-based scalar rewards that provide global quality scores but lack actionable granularity. Conversely, language-based refinement methods are typically confined to inference-time prompting, targeting models that are not explicitly optimized to internalize such critiques. To bridge this gap, we propose \textbf{EvoIdeator}, a framework that facilitates the evolution of scientific ideas by aligning the RL training objective with \textbf{checklist-grounded feedback}. EvoIdeator leverages a structured judge model to generate two synergistic signals: (1) \emph{lexicographic rewards} for multi-dimensional optimization, and (2) \emph{fine-grained language feedback} that offers span-level critiques regarding grounding, feasibility, and methodological rigor. By integrating these signals into the RL loop, we condition the policy to systematically utilize precise feedback during both optimization and inference. Extensive experiments demonstrate that EvoIdeator, built on Qwen3-4B, significantly outperforms much larger frontier models across key scientific metrics. Crucially, the learned policy exhibits strong generalization to diverse external feedback sources without further fine-tuning, offering a scalable and rigorous path toward self-refining autonomous ideation.