From the AI Act to a European AI Agency: Completing the Union's Regulatory Architecture
This addresses regulatory challenges for policymakers and stakeholders in the EU, but it is incremental as it builds on existing frameworks.
The paper examines whether a stronger supranational agency for AI is needed beyond the EU AI Act and European AI Office, arguing it could improve policy coherence, risk assessment, and international cooperation to support the EU's digital sovereignty.
As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies continue to advance, effective risk assessment, regulation, and oversight are necessary to ensure that AI development and deployment align with ethical principles while preserving innovation and economic competitiveness. The adoption of the EU AI Act marks an important step in this direction, establishing a harmonised legal framework that includes detailed provisions on AI governance, as well as the creation of the European AI Office. This paper revisits the question of whether a more robust supranational agency dedicated to AI is still warranted and explores how such a body could enhance policy coherence, improve risk assessment capacities, and foster international cooperation. It also argues that a strengthened EU-level agency would also serve the Union's strategic aim of securing digital and technological sovereignty.