A Sensitivity Analysis of Flexibility from GPU-Heavy Data Centers
For data center operators and grid operators, this work quantifies the flexibility potential of GPU-heavy data centers under different pricing scenarios.
This paper investigates how energy-aware job scheduling can provide flexibility in GPU-heavy data centers, showing that efficient scheduling increases profit and reduces peak demand by up to 7% with small incentives, but requires unrealistically high prices for a 33% reduction.
The rapid growth of GPU-heavy data centers has significantly increased electricity demand and creating challenges for grid stability. Our paper investigates the extent to which an energy-aware job scheduling algorithm can provide flexibility in GPU-heavy data centers. Compared with the traditional first-in first-out (FIFO) baseline, we show that more efficient job scheduling not only increases profit, but also brings latent power flexibility during peak price period. This flexibility is achieved by moving lower energy jobs, preferentially executing jobs with lower GPU utilization and smaller node requirements, when the electricity price is high. We demonstrate that data centers with lower queue length and higher variance in job characteristics such as job GPU utilization and job size, offer the greatest flexibility potential. Finally we show that data center flexibility is highly price sensitive, a 7% demand reduction is achieved with a small incentive, but unrealistically high prices are required to achieve a 33% reduction.