Erlang Binary and Source Code Obfuscation
For Erlang developers and security researchers, this work provides a systematic categorization of obfuscation methods specific to the BEAM ecosystem, though it is incremental as it applies known obfuscation concepts to a new language.
This paper presents obfuscation techniques for Erlang programs across multiple levels (source, AST, BEAM assembly, bytecode), focusing on transformations that complicate reverse engineering while remaining compatible with the Erlang toolchain. The techniques exploit representational gaps between high-level Erlang semantics and the lower-level execution model.
This paper studies obfuscation techniques for Erlang programs at the source, abstract syntax tree, BEAM assembly, and BEAM bytecode levels. We focus on transformations that complicate reverse engineering, decompilation, and recompilation while remaining grounded in the actual behavior of the Erlang compiler, validator, loader, and virtual machine. The paper categorizes opcode-level dependency tricks, receive-based loop encodings, irregular control-flow constructions, mutability-oriented performance obfuscation, and self-modifying code enabled by dynamic module loading. A recurring theme is that effective obfuscation in BEAM often arises not from arbitrary corruption, but from exploiting representational gaps between high-level Erlang semantics and the lower-level execution model accepted by the toolchain and runtime.