Intent-aligned Autonomous Spacecraft Guidance via Reasoning Models
It addresses the need for autonomous spacecraft to interpret high-level mission intent while ensuring safety, offering a practical interface between reasoning models and safety-critical onboard autonomy.
This paper introduces a framework for autonomous spacecraft guidance that uses a foundation model to predict intent-aligned behavior plans, which are then converted into waypoint constraints for safe trajectory optimization. The approach achieves over 90% SCP convergence and a 1.5× higher rate of generating trajectories meeting top intent-prioritized criteria compared to heuristic methods.
Future spacecraft operations require autonomy that can interpret high-level mission intent while preserving safety. However, existing trajectory optimization still relies heavily on expert-crafted formulations and does not support intent-conditioned decision-making. This paper proposes an intent-aligned spacecraft guidance framework that links high-level reasoning and safe trajectory optimization through explicit intermediate abstractions, based on behavior sequences and waypoint constraints. A foundation model first predicts an intent-aligned behavior plan, a waypoint generation model then converts it into waypoint constraints, and the safe trajectory is computed via optimization. This decomposition enables scalable supervision without sacrificing safety. Numerical experiments in close-proximity operation scenarios demonstrate that the proposed pipeline achieves over 90\% SCP convergence and yields a $1.5\times$ higher rate of generating trajectories that satisfy the top intent-prioritized performance criteria than heuristic decision-making. These results support the use of intermediate behavior abstraction as a practical interface between foundation-model reasoning and safety-critical onboard spacecraft autonomy.