On Distributed Control of Continuum Swarms: Local Controllers as Differential Operators
For robotic swarm control, the paper provides a formal framework and fundamental limitations of distributed controllers, but the results are theoretical and incremental.
The paper proposes a PDE-based framework for distributed control of continuum robotic swarms, showing that pointwise controllers are incompatible with strong stability and must rely on mixing, while a first-order control law achieves stabilization with stronger properties.
We study the problem of distributed control of large-scale robotic swarms which can be modeled as continuum densities evolving under the continuity equation. We propose a formalization of distributed controllers as (generally nonlinear) differential operators, in which control inputs depend only on local information about the state and environment. This perspective yields a fully local, PDE-based framework for analysis and design. We apply this framework to the problem of stabilizing a swarm density around an arbitrary target density, and investigate fundamental limitations of low-order distributed controllers in achieving this goal. In particular, we show that controllers which act in a purely pointwise manner are incompatible with natural system symmetries and strong forms of stability, and must rely on mixing-type behavior to achieve stabilization. In contrast, we present a simple first-order control law which achieves stabilization and enjoys substantially stronger properties.