Risk-Based PV-Rich Distribution System Planning Using Generative AI
For distribution system planners, this provides a practical tool to avoid overly conservative hosting capacity estimates by explicitly accounting for risk.
This paper introduces a risk-based framework for assessing photovoltaic hosting capacity in distribution systems, using generative AI to create realistic load scenarios. Results show that allowing a 5% risk level increases hosting capacity by approximately 18% for a 15-minute violation duration.
Hosting capacity (HC) assessment plays a critical role in distribution system planning under increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and associated uncertainties in load and generation. However, conventional approaches often rely on deterministic worst-case evaluation, leading to overly conservative HC estimates. This paper introduces a risk-based framework for HC assessment that explicitly accounts for the frequency, intensity, and duration of voltage violations under uncertain operating conditions. A generative AI-based approach is employed to generate realistic, time-correlated load demand scenarios conditioned on projected energy consumption growth levels. These scenarios are then used to assess voltage violations and quantify their risk using probabilistic intensity, duration, and frequency (IDF) metrics. The results show that extreme-percentile (zero-risk) approaches significantly underestimate PV-HC by treating all violations equally, regardless of their likelihood or persistence. For instance, allowing a 5\% risk level increases HC by approximately 18\% for a 15~min violation duration. The proposed approach provides a practical tool for risk-informed distribution system planning under uncertainty.