Analysis of gradient flow for computing defocusing action ground states of rotating nonlinear Schrödinger equations
For researchers in computational PDEs, this work fills theoretical gaps in gradient flow methods for rotating nonlinear Schrödinger equations, providing rigorous convergence guarantees.
This paper proves unconditional stability and global convergence of a direct gradient flow method for computing defocusing action ground states of rotating nonlinear Schrödinger equations, with local exponential convergence under a non-degeneracy condition. Numerical experiments validate the theoretical results.
This work focuses on the numerical computation of defocusing action ground states for rotating nonlinear Schrödinger equations (RNLS) using a direct gradient flow (DGF) method. We address theoretical gaps in the existing literature concerning the stability and convergence of this DGF scheme. Firstly, we prove the unconditional stability of the DGF scheme, demonstrating that the action functional is monotonically non-increasing along the discrete flow for arbitrary time step sizes. Secondly, we establish a rigorous convergence analysis, proving global convergence under minor assumptions and local exponential convergence to the action ground state under a reasonable non-degeneracy condition. The analysis relies on the uniform boundedness of sublevel sets of the action functional and introduces a tailored $H^1$-distance between phase-shift equivalence classes to handle complex-valued ground states with quantized vortices. A novel analytical framework is also developed to establish the exponential convergence rate. Numerical experiments are presented to validate the theoretical findings, demonstrating both the global migration towards a neighborhood of the ground state and subsequent exponential convergence.