Decaf: Improving Neural Decompilation with Automatic Feedback and Search
For reverse engineering practitioners, Decaf dramatically improves the semantic correctness of neural decompilers without requiring more data or training.
Decaf uses compiler feedback and search to improve neural decompilation, raising the success rate from 26.0% to 83.9% on ExeBench's Real -O2 split without sacrificing source code similarity.
Decompilers are useful tools used in reverse engineering to understand compiled source code. Reconstructing source code from compiled binaries is a challenging task, because high-level syntax, identifiers, and custom data types are generally lost as the compiler translates human-readable code to low-level machine code. Deterministic decompilers are useful tools for binary analysis, but can struggle to infer idiomatic syntax and identifier names. Generative AI models are a natural fit for reconstructing high-level syntax, identifiers, and types, but they can still suffer by hallucinating improper programming constructs and semantics. Instead of attempting to improve neural decompilers with more data and more training, we argue that compiler feedback can be used to dramatically improve the semantic correctness of neural decompiler outputs via search. Our system, Decaf (DECompilation with Automated Feedback), raises the neural decompilation rate from 26.0% on ExeBench to 83.9% on the Real -O2 split without sacrificing similarity to the original source code. We also find our automatic feedback methodology is highly effective for improving weaker neural decompilation models.