CLMay 20

Post-Hoc Understanding of Metaphor Processing in Decoder-Only Language Models via Conditional Scale Entropy

arXiv:2605.2139112.1
AI Analysis

For researchers in mechanistic interpretability, this work provides a principled tool (CSE) to characterize cross-depth structure in transformers and identifies a consistent signature of metaphor processing.

The paper introduces conditional scale entropy (CSE), a wavelet-derived measure, to analyze metaphor processing in decoder-only language models. They find that metaphorical tokens exhibit significantly higher spectral breadth than literal tokens across models from 124M to 20B parameters, with the effect surviving permutation correction and not being explained by semantic complexity.

Metaphor requires a language model to resolve a token whose contextual meaning diverges from its basic literal sense. Understanding how transformer models organize this reinterpretation across depth remains an open problem in mechanistic interpretability. We introduce conditional scale entropy (CSE), a wavelet-derived measure of how broadly transformer computation engages across frequency scales at each layer position. Two theorems establish that CSE is invariant to update magnitude, isolating the structural pattern of updates from their intensity. Using CSE, we find that metaphorical tokens produce significantly higher spectral breadth than literal tokens at contiguous layer positions on every decoder-only architecture tested, from 124M to 20B parameters (GPT-2 family, LLaMA-2 7B, GPT-oss 20B). The effect survives cluster-based permutation correction, recurs in the early-to-mid relative depth range across models, and converges with an independent analysis of 200 naturalistic VUA pairs. Specificity controls further show that the effect is not explained by semantic complexity or by matched propositional content. These results identify multi-scale coordination as a consistent signature of metaphorical language processing in the decoder-only architectures examined, and establish CSE as a principled tool for characterizing cross-depth structure in transformers.

Foundations

The foundational work for this paper's niche, ranked by how specifically the neighbourhood builds on it — not by global fame.

Your Notes