High-order Conservative Discontinuous Galerkin Methods via Implicit Penalization for the Generalized Korteweg-de Vries Equation and the Hirota-Satsuma KdV System
This work provides an improved numerical method for nonlinear wave equations, offering better conservation properties and efficiency for computational scientists studying wave phenomena.
The authors develop new conservative discontinuous Galerkin methods for the gKdV equation and HS-KdV system that preserve mass, energy, and Hamiltonian by implicitly determining penalty parameters. The new formulation eliminates a derivative-of-jump term, enabling higher-order time discretizations and requiring fewer nonlinear systems per time step, with numerical results showing accuracy and long-time stability.
We develop new conservative discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for nonlinear wave problems, focusing on the generalized Korteweg-de Vries (gKdV) equation and the coupled Hirota-Satsuma KdV (HS-KdV) system. The proposed methods preserve mass through the single-valued structure of numerical traces, while energy and Hamiltonian conservation are enforced by implicitly determining penalty parameters in the numerical traces through auxiliary conservation constraints. In our previous work [11], we developed a conservative DG method for the gKdV equation; however, that formulation involves the time derivative of the jump of the approximate solution, which complicates extensions beyond second-order temporal accuracy. Our new formulation overcomes this limitation by introducing a redesigned trace configuration that eliminates the derivative-of-jump term. This novel enhancement seamlessly paves the way for higher-order time discretizations and requires solving fewer nonlinear systems per time step than the previous approach. For the coupled HS-KdV system, we present the first conservative DG method that preserves all three invariants of the exact solution. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and expected convergence behavior of the proposed methods, as well as long-time stability and strong conservation properties for both the gKdV equation and HS-KdV system.