International Space Station operational modal analysis via iterative pole relocation
For aerospace structural health monitoring, this work offers a more robust output-only modal identification method under noisy conditions.
The paper presents an operational modal analysis method combining NExT with FRVF for structural health monitoring, validated on a numerical beam and real ISS acceleration data. The method outperforms NExT-ERA and SSI in noisy conditions, achieving reliable mode identification where SSI fails.
In recent years, increasing aerospace safety requirements have intensified the demand for reliable structural damage detection. This work presents an Operational Modal Analysis approach for accurate modal parameter estimation, with an application to space structure monitoring. The proposed System Identification (SI) method innovatively combines the Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) with the Fast and Relaxed Vector Fitting (FRVF) algorithm, which uses an iterative least-squares optimisation. A preliminary validation is first carried out on a numerical beam model, comparing results with analytical solutions and the established Natural Excitation Technique with Eigensystem Realisation Algorithm (NExT-ERA) and Stochastic Subspace Identification with Canonical Variate Analysis (SSI) methods. Then, operational validation is performed on real acceleration data from the Space Acceleration Measurement Systems aboard the International Space Station. Identified vibration modes from NExT-FRVF and NExT-ERA show comparable results after signal processing, with mode consistency assessed by repeated occurrence and physical interpretation, while SSI fails to identify most. The output-only algorithm proves to be highly reliable, outperforming benchmark methods under noisy conditions on a numerical system and offering reliable identifications on the experimental data.