Memory Architectures for Multi-Turn Text-to-SQL: A Benchmark and Empirical Study
This work provides a rigorous benchmark and empirical study for multi-turn Text-to-SQL, revealing critical limitations of current models and memory architectures for enterprise analytics.
The paper introduces EnterpriseMem-Bench, a multi-turn Text-to-SQL benchmark with 300 sessions and 1,400 turns, and evaluates five frontier models across five memory conditions. Key findings include that stateless multi-turn Text-to-SQL collapses to zero execution accuracy by Turn 3, and memory-architecture complexity does not monotonically improve accuracy, with working memory dominating.
Multi-turn Text-to-SQL is central to enterprise analytics yet remains predominantly evaluated in single-turn settings. We introduce EnterpriseMem-Bench, a multi-turn Text-to-SQL benchmark of 300 sessions and 1,400 turns built programmatically from three enterprise domains (BIRD financial, SEC EDGAR, Northwind), with deterministic ground truth and per-turn memory-critical annotation. We evaluate five frontier models -- GPT-5 mini, GPT-5.2, Claude Sonnet 4.5, Sonnet 4.6, and Opus 4.6 -- across five memory conditions enabling a three-way ablation isolating working-memory window size, episodic retrieval, and semantic augmentation as independent effects. All Claude models are evaluated with extended thinking enabled to maintain parity with GPT reasoning models. We introduce the Memory Benefit Score (MBS) as a per-turn diagnostic metric. Four findings emerge: (1) stateless multi-turn Text-to-SQL collapses to zero execution accuracy by Turn 3 across all five models, even under reasoning; (2) memory-architecture complexity does not monotonically improve accuracy -- working memory dominates, and additional components produce model- and dataset-dependent effects from +14 to -16 percentage points; (3) Claude Sonnet 4.6 underperforms Sonnet 4.5 by 17-33pp on SEC EDGAR across conditions, a generational regression persisting under reasoning; (4) under reasoning, Claude error distributions become mono-modal -- every non-correct turn is a wrong-result error. We release the benchmark, agent, and evaluation code.