DLM-SWAI: Steering Diffusion Language Models Before They Unmask
For practitioners needing controllable text generation from diffusion language models, this offers a simple, training-free alternative to existing steering methods.
The paper proposes DLM-SWAI, a training-free method to steer diffusion language models by biasing token distributions with pre-computed style scores, achieving effective control on style and safety tasks while preserving generation quality with minimal overhead.
Steering language model generation toward desired textual properties is essential for practical deployment, and inference-time methods are particularly appealing because they enable controllable generation without retraining. Recent work has also highlighted diffusion language models as an emerging generation paradigm with distinct decoding properties. However, most existing steering approaches either rely on auxiliary models or are designed for autoregressive next-token decoding, making them difficult to apply to diffusion language models DLMs, which generate text through iterative denoising of partially masked sequences. Therefore, we propose DLM-SWAI, a simple training-free steering method that biases the token distribution at each denoising step using pre-computed token-level style scores. Experiments on style and safety control tasks show that DLM-SWAI effectively steers diffusion language models while preserving generation quality and requiring minimal computational overhead. Ablations further reveal a controllable trade-off between steering strength and fluency, and our analysis links class-wise steerability to the strength of token-level attribute cues.