Beyond Metadata: The Role of DOI, ORCID, and ROR in Shaping Transparent and Interoperable Library Systems
For librarians and policymakers, this paper provides a descriptive overview of PID adoption trends and barriers, but offers no novel technical or methodological contributions.
This study examines the adoption and impact of DOI, ORCID, and ROR persistent identifiers in library systems from 2019-2026, finding adoption rates of ORCIDs ranging from 41% to 89% among German research organizations, with ongoing challenges in metadata quality and PID literacy.
The digital transformation of scholarly communication has changed the way libraries manage, preserve scholarly research and share it with the public. This research looks at three persistent identifier (PID) systems: the Digital Object Identifier (DOI), the Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), and the Research Organization Registry (ROR), which are necessary for a transparent and interoperable library infrastructure. Evidence from 2019-2026 shows how PIDs have changed from metadata tags to machine-actionable connective tissue that links researchers, institutions, publications, datasets, and funding. Findings from implementation studies at the global level show very diverse adoption of ORCIDs, between 41% and 89% among German research organizations, yet continued issues with metadata quality and PID literacy. This research identifies promising practices in Europe and Latin America, examines barriers, and proposes measures for libraries, universities, policymakers, and Library and Information science professionals.