Towards Guaranteed Optimal PID Tuning for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems
For control engineers dealing with uncertain nonlinear systems, this work provides a theoretically guaranteed PID tuning method that requires no system model, addressing a long-standing practical challenge.
This paper proposes a near-optimal PID tuning method for uncertain nonlinear systems that guarantees convergence to an epsilon-optimal solution while maintaining closed-loop stability, using only input-output data. The HRS-KW algorithm outperforms other methods in simulations.
Despite the widespread use of PID controllers in engineering practice, designing optimal PID parameters has long been regarded as a challenging problem in both theory and practice, particularly when faced with uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems. Based on the authors' PID control theory established recently for MIMO nonlinear uncertain systems (Zhao and Guo, 2022), which provides a concrete PID parameter set for global stability of PID controlled systems, this paper further proposes a near-optimal PID tuning method, where only input-output (zeroth-order) data on the control performance is available. The tuning method is formulated as a constrained optimization problem and solved by an iterative learning algorithm, referred to as HRS-KW algorithm, that combines a hysteretic random search with the Kiefer-Wolfowitz algorithm, aiming at utilizing the advantages of both global exploration and local gradient acceleration. This method operates without requiring precise structural knowledge of the system dynamics, yet its almost sure convergence to an epsilon-optimal solution for the PID parameters can be guaranteed in theory while ensuring closed-loop system stability. Simulation results illustrate that our HRS-KW algorithm outperforms other related optimization methods, exhibiting better convergence to the prescribed epsilon-optimal performance set.