Instability Caused by Integration of IBRs under Strong Grid Connections -- A Practical Case Study on Large-scale Energy Storage Systems
For power system engineers, it reveals that inverter-based resources can cause instability even under strong grids, highlighting risks in functional control loops and scale planning.
This paper presents a practical case where large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) cause 150 Hz oscillations under strong grid connections, due to dynamic interactions among power conversion systems that reduce damping. Key factors for mitigation are identified and validated via simulation.
It has been well known that inverter-based resources (IBRs) can lead to converter-driven stability issues under weak grid connections. However, as the number of IBRs increases, instabilities can also occur even under strong grid connections. A practical case is presented to demonstrate this conclusion, using large-scale energy storage systems (ESSs) as an example. In this study, the ESSs induce oscillations with a frequency of 150 Hz in the d-q coordinates while providing both capacitive and inductive reactive power support (achieved by ESS functional control loops) to the connected power system. Theoretical analysis reveals that under strong grid connections, the dynamic interactions among power conversion systems (PCSs) of ESSs can be superimposed and intensified as the ESS scale extends, which reduces oscillation damping and leads to system instability. This indicates that ESS functional control loops also have potential instability risks when providing supports to power systems, which should be carefully examined. Finally, major impact factors are identified to mitigate the oscillations, and the conclusions are validated based on the SIMULINK platform. This paper provides valuable practical insights into system instabilities even under strong grid conditions, emphasizing the importance of functional control design and careful planning of the scale for IBR-dominated systems.