EconSimulacra: A Digital Twin Platform of Socio-Economic Systems Powered by LLM Agents
For researchers studying socio-economic systems, this platform provides a unified digital twin to model cross-domain feedback loops that existing simulators fail to capture.
EconSimulacra introduces a multi-agent LLM-based platform that couples consumer economy, mobility, and social networks via shared internal states, enabling coherent cross-domain behaviors. The system reproduces a nonlinear relationship between online social attention and offline local popularity, demonstrating emergent realistic dynamics.
Real-world social behavior emerges from tightly coupled domains: economic conditions shape mobility and social interactions, while online attention and offline activity feed back into local popularity and consumer behavior. Capturing these feedback loops requires artificial societies in which agents carry experiences from one domain into decisions in another. Large language models (LLMs) provide a promising foundation for such societies. However, existing LLM-based simulators typically model domains in isolation or merely place them side by side. To enable such cross-domain interactions, we present EconSimulacra, a multi-agent social simulator that couples consumer economy, mobility, and social networks through a shared internal-state mechanism. In EconSimulacra, experiences accumulated across different domains are stored in memory and transformed into shared internal states (i.e., stress level) connecting heterogeneous domains through individual decision making. This design allows agents to reconcile competing demands arising from multiple domains and generate coherent cross-domain behaviors. As a case study, we show that the shared internal state mechanisms reproduce a nonlinear relationship between online social attention and offline local popularity, illustrating how realistic cross-domain dynamics can emerge within a unified artificial society.