Guidance Breaks the Fitted Operator: A Terminal-Fitted Repair for Classifier-Free Guidance
For practitioners using diffusion models, this provides a zero-extra-cost fix to high-guidance instability, though it is not a universal quality improvement and is incremental in nature.
Classifier-free guidance (CFG) in diffusion models suffers from oversaturation and instability at high guidance. The authors propose a terminal-fitted repair that replaces CFG's guidance term with a corrected form, eliminating divergence and improving stability, achieving 9/9 point-FID wins over CFG on CIFAR-10 and acting as a high-guidance stabilizer for Stable Diffusion 1.5 DDIM.
Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is the standard way to strengthen class-conditioning in diffusion and flow-matching samplers, yet at large guidance it oversaturates and destabilizes, symptoms practitioners suppress with more steps or limited-interval schedules. We analyze CFG through an asymptotic-preserving, numerical-analysis lens. Building on a recent result that the deterministic DDIM step is the unique fitted operator for the unguided terminal layer, exact on the final small-sigma stretch of sampling, we show that guidance re-stiffens exactly the discriminative subspace to an anomalous exponent 1+w. DDIM is therefore no longer fitted there, and on coarse meshes its guided residual diverges as sigma_min goes to zero. We prove a guided clock barrier with three ordered step-size thresholds, and read one-step oversaturation as its endpoint: a solver artifact on the calibration model rather than the continuous guided law. The same analysis yields a one-coefficient, zero-extra-NFE repair: replace CFG's w(r-1) by r^(1+w)-r on the guidance direction. On the calibration model's discriminative crossover, this removes CFG's sigma_min-divergent blow-up and is first-order accurate against the exact guided flow as sigma_min goes to zero. On learned CIFAR-10 checkpoints, and as a cross-domain smoke test on Stable Diffusion 1.5 DDIM, it acts as a high-guidance stabilizer at no extra cost rather than a universal quality knob: it cuts residual amplification and saturation, gives 9/9 point-FID wins over CFG on the tested grid, and preserves classifier-proxy target accuracy in the hard-cell blocks. We report the limits alongside: it is not a universal image-quality win, and against a dense vanilla-CFG reference it is not a uniformly better integrator of that field.