Giacomo Cabri, Manuela Montangero, Filippo Muzzini et al.
In the framework of Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), efficient parking management is essential to reduce urban congestion and emissions. However, current reservation-based systems often encounter a scenario in which users find their reserved slot occupied by a previous occupant who failed to vacate on time ("No PARK" situation). This paper introduces a dual-mechanism architecture designed to enhance system reliability. A Reservation Module uses a dynamic size buffer of non-reservable slots to grant parking availability. A reputation-based Reward System exploits a "star-based" metric to incentivize punctual departures through financial penalties and access restrictions. The simulations conducted with the SUMO urban simulator are promising, showing that the dynamic buffer strategy provides a better tradeoff between parking availability and reservation success. By progressively adapting to users behavior, the proposed system mitigates "NO PARK" instances and improves resource utilization, significantly enhancing urban viability. Index Terms-Smart City, Intelligent transportation systems, Parking, Reservation systems, V2I, Reputation-based mechanisms, Smart Parking