Syyeda Zainab Fatmi

Syyeda Zainab Fatmi, Stefan Kiefer, David Parker et al.

Despite its prevalence, probabilistic bisimilarity suffers from a lack of robustness under minuscule perturbations of the transition probabilities. This can lead to discontinuities in the probabilistic bisimilarity distance function, undermining its reliability in practical applications where transition probabilities are often approximations derived from experimental data. Motivated by this limitation, we introduce the notion of robust probabilistic bisimilarity for labelled Markov chains, which ensures the continuity of the probabilistic bisimilarity distance function. We also propose an efficient algorithm for computing robust probabilistic bisimilarity and show that it performs well in practice, as evidenced by our experimental results.

Syyeda Zainab Fatmi, Stefan Kiefer, David Parker et al.

The probabilistic bisimilarity distance provides a quantitative measure of behavioural difference for labelled Markov chains, but it may be discontinuous under perturbations of the transition probabilities. This lack of continuity undermines its applicability to empirically derived models, where transition probabilities are often approximations. Recently, we (CAV 2025) introduced robust probabilistic bisimilarity as a sufficient condition for continuity at distance zero. In this paper, we show that it is also a necessary condition, that is, two states are robustly probabilistic bisimilar if and only if their probabilistic bisimilarity distance is small for any small enough perturbation of the transition probabilities. We further extend robustness to non-bisimilar state pairs to establish a complete characterization for continuity of the probabilistic bisimilarity distance. Based on this characterization, we develop a polynomial time algorithm to decide continuity. Finally, we complement our theoretical contributions with an experimental evaluation demonstrating the proposed approach in practice. Our results show that the extra step of deciding continuity requires minimal additional cost when compared to computing the probabilistic bisimilarity distance.