Jian Zhang

Guoji Fu, Yifan Hou, Jian Zhang et al.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have attracted much attention because of their excellent performance on tasks such as node classification. However, there is inadequate understanding on how and why GNNs work, especially for node representation learning. This paper aims to provide a theoretical framework to understand GNNs, specifically, spectral graph convolutional networks and graph attention networks, from graph signal denoising perspectives. Our framework shows that GNNs are implicitly solving graph signal denoising problems: spectral graph convolutions work as denoising node features, while graph attentions work as denoising edge weights. We also show that a linear self-attention mechanism is able to compete with the state-of-the-art graph attention methods. Our theoretical results further lead to two new models, GSDN-F and GSDN-EF, which work effectively for graphs with noisy node features and/or noisy edges. We validate our theoretical findings and also the effectiveness of our new models by experiments on benchmark datasets. The source code is available at \url{https://github.com/fuguoji/GSDN}.

Jionghao Lou, Jian Zhang, Zhongmei Li et al.

The training of deep learning models in seizure prediction requires large amounts of Electroencephalogram (EEG) data. However, acquiring sufficient labeled EEG data is difficult due to annotation costs and privacy constraints. Federated Learning (FL) enables privacy-preserving collaborative training by sharing model updates instead of raw data. However, due to the inherent inter-patient variability in real-world scenarios, existing FL-based seizure prediction methods struggle to achieve robust performance under heterogeneous client settings. To address this challenge, we propose FedL2T, a personalized federated learning framework that leverages a novel two-teacher knowledge distillation strategy to generate superior personalized models for each client. Specifically, each client simultaneously learns from a globally aggregated model and a dynamically assigned peer model, promoting more direct and enriched knowledge exchange. To ensure reliable knowledge transfer, FedL2T employs an adaptive multi-level distillation strategy that aligns both prediction outputs and intermediate feature representations based on task confidence. In addition, a proximal regularization term is introduced to constrain personalized model updates, thereby enhancing training stability. Extensive experiments on two EEG datasets demonstrate that FedL2T consistently outperforms state-of-the-art FL methods, particularly under low-label conditions. Moreover, FedL2T exhibits rapid and stable convergence toward optimal performance, thereby reducing the number of communication rounds and associated overhead. These results underscore the potential of FedL2T as a reliable and personalized solution for seizure prediction in privacy-sensitive healthcare scenarios.

Minghao Liu, Fuqi Jia, Pei Huang et al.

With the rapid development of deep learning techniques, various recent work has tried to apply graph neural networks (GNNs) to solve NP-hard problems such as Boolean Satisfiability (SAT), which shows the potential in bridging the gap between machine learning and symbolic reasoning. However, the quality of solutions predicted by GNNs has not been well investigated in the literature. In this paper, we study the capability of GNNs in learning to solve Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem, both from theoretical and practical perspectives. We build two kinds of GNN models to learn the solution of MaxSAT instances from benchmarks, and show that GNNs have attractive potential to solve MaxSAT problem through experimental evaluation. We also present a theoretical explanation of the effect that GNNs can learn to solve MaxSAT problem to some extent for the first time, based on the algorithmic alignment theory.