Vineeth Vijayaraghavan

Rishi Vardhan K, Vedanth S, Poojah G et al.

Blood pressure (BP) is one of the most influential bio-markers for cardiovascular diseases and stroke; therefore, it needs to be regularly monitored to diagnose and prevent any advent of medical complications. Current cuffless approaches to continuous BP monitoring, though non-invasive and unobtrusive, involve explicit feature engineering surrounding fingertip Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. To circumvent this, we present an end-to-end deep learning solution, BP-Net, that uses PPG waveform to estimate Systolic BP (SBP), Mean Average Pressure (MAP), and Diastolic BP (DBP) through intermediate continuous Arterial BP (ABP) waveform. Under the terms of the British Hypertension Society (BHS) standard, BP-Net achieves Grade A for DBP and MAP estimation and Grade B for SBP estimation. BP-Net also satisfies Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) criteria for DBP and MAP estimation and achieves Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 5.16 mmHg and 2.89 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. Further, we establish the ubiquitous potential of our approach by deploying BP-Net on a Raspberry Pi 4 device and achieve 4.25 ms inference time for our model to translate the PPG waveform to ABP waveform.

Sideshwar J B, Sachin Krishan T, Vishal Nagarajan et al.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, with 2% of the population affected. It is associated with an increased risk of strokes, heart failure and other heart-related complications. Monitoring at-risk individuals and detecting asymptomatic AF could result in considerable public health benefits, as individuals with asymptomatic AF could take preventive measures with lifestyle changes. With increasing affordability to wearables, personalized health care is becoming more accessible. These personalized healthcare solutions require accurate classification of bio-signals while being computationally inexpensive. By making inferences on-device, we avoid issues inherent to cloud-based systems such as latency and network connection dependency. We propose an efficient pipeline for real-time Atrial Fibrillation Detection with high accuracy that can be deployed in ultra-edge devices. The feature engineering employed in this research catered to optimizing the resource-efficient classifier used in the proposed pipeline, which was able to outperform the best performing standard ML model by $10^5\times$ in terms of memory footprint with a mere trade-off of 2% classification accuracy. We also obtain higher accuracy of approximately 6% while consuming 403$\times$ lesser memory and being 5.2$\times$ faster compared to the previous state-of-the-art (SoA) embedded implementation.

Gokul H., Prithvi Suresh, Hari Vignesh B et al.

Freezing of Gait (FoG) is a common gait deficit among patients diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease (PD). In order to help these patients recover from FoG episodes, Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) is needed. The authors propose a ubiquitous embedded system that detects FOG events with a Machine Learning (ML) subsystem from accelerometer signals . By making inferences on-device, we avoid issues prevalent in cloud-based systems such as latency and network connection dependency. The resource-efficient classifier used, reduces the model size requirements by approximately 400 times compared to the best performing standard ML systems, with a trade-off of a mere 1.3% in best classification accuracy. The aforementioned trade-off facilitates deployability in a wide range of embedded devices including microcontroller based systems. The research also explores the optimization procedure to deploy the model on an ATMega2560 microcontroller with a minimum system latency of 44.5 ms. The smallest model size of the proposed resource efficient ML model was 1.4 KB with an average recall score of 93.58%.

Gautham Krishna G, Karthik Subramanian Nathan, Yogesh Kumar B et al.

Human computer interaction facilitates intelligent communication between humans and computers, in which gesture recognition plays a prominent role. This paper proposes a machine learning system to identify dynamic gestures using tri-axial acceleration data acquired from two public datasets. These datasets, uWave and Sony, were acquired using accelerometers embedded in Wii remotes and smartwatches, respectively. A dynamic gesture signed by the user is characterized by a generic set of features extracted across time and frequency domains. The system was analyzed from an end-user perspective and was modelled to operate in three modes. The modes of operation determine the subsets of data to be used for training and testing the system. From an initial set of seven classifiers, three were chosen to evaluate each dataset across all modes rendering the system towards mode-neutrality and dataset-independence. The proposed system is able to classify gestures performed at varying speeds with minimum preprocessing, making it computationally efficient. Moreover, this system was found to run on a low-cost embedded platform - Raspberry Pi Zero (USD 5), making it economically viable.